HOW THIS ARTICLE APPEARED
The idea to write
this article flashed in my brain early in the morning, at Apr 17, 2017, 06:25
AM.
Later I called to Prof. Vadim Rotenberg and discussed it with him.
Vadim fully
supported my idea about need in change of activity as a result of Search
Activity Concept (developed by him together with Prof. Arshavsky).
ABSTRACT
Mastering
of specific motor skill or art leads to increasing the urge of introducing of
new complementing additional activities (ADACTs) in training schedule as it's predicted
by Search Activity Concept (SAC, developed by Prof. Rotenberg and Prof.
Arshavsky).
Then the Transfer of
Training effect on the main motor skill happens. This influence can be positive,
negative or neutral. Of course the strong positive influence is a most
desirable one. The problem is that normally while choosing the new activity we
don't take in account the Transfer of Training. Actually there are great number of Transfers
of Training that occur in all directions between main skill and ADACTs and ADACTs
themselves.
The same problem
occurs when we perform special exercises in order to improve our daily regular
natural activities like walking, sitting, standing stance and general motion. This
problem has the utmost importance for the most of us.
The article will
offer some ideas how to increase the positive effect of such new activities.
THE GENERAL IDEA
Learning of new
motor skill or art always starts from learning of the general trajectory or
form of the motion. After this initial level individual can progress to automatization,
standardization and stabilization levels of the motion (according to Prof. N.A.
Bernstein) in order to achieve full mastery. During the mastery of the last two
levels individual achieves the maximal usage of inertial and reaction forces,
which make the motion to be the most effective.
It is important to
mention that not every motor activity or art uses inertial forces, for example,
many pointing movements are not inertial. Nevertheless, the absolute majority
of our motor activities can use inertial and reaction forces.
In all cases we have
to consider the body not as a monolith block, but as a construction consisting
of stiff parts connected by joints. The motion can be performed only as a result
of rotations of these parts in joints.
The mastery over
inertial and reaction forces therefore is about mastery over the motion of
these parts and their harmonious cooperation, including mutual neutralization
of their movements.
According to the SAC
all living beings that have considerable learning abilities also have
considerable need in changing and diversify their mental and motor activities.
That's why we always have to change our training routine and add new games,
exercises and ADACTs to get out of usual main training and to diversify it.
We usually choose
and add these ADACTs without to pay too much attention to the future Transfer
of Training. As a result, some of these ADACTs produce neutral or negative
Transfer of Training instead of positive one. Then these ADACTs harm our main
training and in some cases even really ruin it instead of improve it. If the
damage is serious or this process lasts long it can result in disappointing and
mental exhaustion of the practitioner or in his or her mental and physical
stagnation.
Therefore, ADACTs
are unavoidable and the main problem is how to find the pool of ADACTs
providing positive Transfer of Training.
I believe that the
most important ingredients which define the Transfer of Training are the
general form of movement trajectory, the accelerations and decelerations of the
moving body-parts, the maximal usage of inertial and reaction forces and their
coordination, the SAIM – Self Annihilating Inertial Motion and inborn
behavioral reflexes. All these must be done automatically, on the level of
automations, of the lower level of motor control comparatively to the main motor
task. All these are interconnected and mutually dependent. The main achievement
of any training is the ability to perform any motion effortlessly, which means
with maximal usage of inertial and reaction forces and of SAIM.
More will be the
similarity of these ingredients, and especially of inertial and reaction forces
and SAIM to those of the main training more positive will be the Transfer of
Training.
In some cases,
original motion uses no considerable inertial and reaction forces and SAIM, or
their usage is only partial. Then the Transfer of Training will have the same
restriction also.
Why I think so? The
explanation looks simple. Every activity uses automations which belong to the
lower levels of motor control (according to Prof. N.A. Bernstein). These
automations are responsible for Transfer of Training. Every new activity with
new meaning of motion actually initiated in new part of cortex, but it "looks"
for chains of automations it can use. If it finds these chains the learning
will fast and easy and we can speak about positive Transfer of Training.
Transfer
of Training happens all the time we move because every motor, mental or
emotional activity and their combinations influence any other activity and in
the same time they are influenced by them also. This process produces the Transfer
of Training Ring, similar to the Reflex Ring by Prof. N.A. Bernstein. Every
activity therefore participates in great number of Transfer of Training Rings
with dynamically changing values of transfer.
One of the most
important points here is the mutual influence of our regular usual daily
activities and training. Daily activities are mostly based on inborn reflexes
such as statokinetic reflexes and inborn behavioral reflexes (like FFF – Fight,
Flight or Freeze) while during special training sessions we mostly abandon
them. Great majority of people train in their regular usual daily activities
much more time than in any other skill or art. So this kind of training
rightfully must be considered as a most influential training for all.
The more effective,
more natural our regular usual daily activities the closer they are to inborn
reflexes and more harmonious the relationships between them.
In previous chapters
I already wrote about Natural Motion and Pure Natural Motion. I believe they
are the best way to perform all our motor activities, including usual daily
activities.
I believe we can surely
say that in Natural Motion trajectory and other ingredients "serve"
effortlessness, while in the most of the human created movements effortlessness
and other ingredients "serve" trajectory and manner of movement. It
means that in Natural Motion the motor task is performed with the maximal
possible effortlessness and this will define the trajectory and other
ingredients of the motion, while in the most of the artificially created
movements desired trajectory and manner of movement define the maximal possible
degree of effortlessness.
There a lot of
artificially created movements, activities and games. Some of them even imitate
Natural Motion of humans or animals. Many practitioners of these activities
expect that their regular daily movements will improve as a result of this
training, but usually it doesn't happen. The reason for that is that
automations of their regular daily activities such as walking, running, etc. mostly
are oriented on effortlessness, while artificial movements, even the imitations
of Natural Motion, first of all provide external form, emotional and artistic
value, etc. It means that these two groups of activities have no common
automations, no common base for positive Transfer of Training.
If main
motor activity and all ADACTs will be performed with Natural Motion, the
Transfer of Training Ring will be all positive and most effective. The Pure
Natural Motion will be the core, the heart of the positive Transfer of
Training. It will cover also our regular usual daily activities, which probably
is the most important. Than we can truly say: "Life is a training and
training is a life".
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